ã¡ãã£ã¢èšäº
ãã³ãããŠã€ã«ã¹ã¯æŠæŒ¢ç 究æã§äººå·¥çã«å€é ããããè±ç 究è
ããæ³å»åŠçåŠè¡è«æçºè¡šãž
ããºãææ°ããŒã¯ 658
twitterã³ã¡ã³ã 839ä»¶äž 101ïœ200件
ã³ãŠã¢ãªã®ãŠã€ã«ã¹ãðŠ
èªåã®åœã§äœã£ãã³ãããå¶åŸ¡åºæ¥ãªãäžåœã®ãã¥ãŒã¹ã¯äžèŠã§ãã
ã³ãŠã¢ãªðŠã®ãŠã€ã«ã¹ãéºäŒåæäœã§å€é ðŠðŠðŠðŠðŠðŠðŠðŠðŠðŠðŠ
äžå
±ã¯å
šäžçååœã«å¯Ÿãè³ å責任ãããã
å¿ããªãã®ãªããåœé£ã¯çµæžå¶è£ãçºåãã¹ãã§ããã
å¿ããªãã®ãªããåœé£ã¯çµæžå¶è£ãçºåãã¹ãã§ããã
ã€ãã«è£ä»ããåããŠãããïŒ
ä»®ã«äºå®ãšããŠã100%æå®³è³ åæããªãã§ãã
äžçäžã§äœäººæ»ãã§ããšæããã âŠ
ä»®ã«äºå®ãšããŠã100%æå®³è³ åæããªãã§ãã
äžçäžã§äœäººæ»ãã§ããšæããã âŠ
çŽåŸãããªãã£ãã
ããããŒäºã«ãªã£ãŠãããªã»ã»ã»ã
ããããŸãã ãšãããšãšãã§ããªãããšã«ãªãããã ãªã
ããããŸãã ãšãããšãšãã§ããªãããšã«ãªãããã ãªã
ç¥ã£ãŠã
ãããªã®ãïŒ
è«æåºãŠæ»èªãããŠã©ããªããã ãªã
ã¡ãããšãã¬ããšãã§ãåãäžããŠãããã®ããªããããããã£ãããšããäžåœæ¹å€èšäºã¿ãããªã®ã
ãããäºå®ãã©ããã¯çœ®ããšããŠãããã ãšãããã®è©±ã
äœã£ããªã解æ¯å€ãäœã£ãšããâŠã
ãã£ããŒããŒã¯ãªèå¯ãã§ãããã§ãããã¯è¿œèšã«å€ãªå€ãªæžããããšã
äœã£ããªã解æ¯å€ãäœã£ãšããâŠã
ãã£ããŒããŒã¯ãªèå¯ãã§ãããã§ãããã¯è¿œèšã«å€ãªå€ãªæžããããšã
ãããäºå®ãªã
çµæžå¶è£ãããã§ã¯æžã¿ãŸãã
æããããæ°å¹Žã®å ã«
äžçã¯äžåœãš1æŠäº€ããäºã«
ãªãããã§ãã
çµæžå¶è£ãããã§ã¯æžã¿ãŸãã
æããããæ°å¹Žã®å ã«
äžçã¯äžåœãš1æŠäº€ããäºã«
ãªãããã§ãã
ããäºå®ãªãçç©å
µåšã ããã©ããã§å€ç°ãç°åžžã ãšæã£ããç±³è±ãæ¬æ Œçã«åãããšããäºã¯(以äžãå¯ãäžãã
ããŠã€ã«ã¹ã®ã¹ãã€ã¯ããã¯4çš®ã®ã¢ããé
žã®åãèŠã€ãã£ãããããããæ§é ã¯èªç¶çã®ãŠã€ã«ã¹ã«ã¯èŠãããªãããšã§ã人工çãªãŠã€ã«ã¹ã§ããããšãè£ä»ãããã®ãšãœã¬ã³ã»ã³å士ã
è«æåºããŠãããæ¥ã«çå®å³åž¯ã³åºã
æŠæŒ¢ç 究æã³ãããŠã€ã«ã¹è£œé è±çŽè¡æã®å ±éïŒè¿ãè«æçºè¡šãå®éšå®€ã®æäœã§ããåŸãããªãçè·¡ã èè
ãåœéçã«æžå¿µãã¹ãè³æãããšããã¢ããŒã«ã«ã
æ¬åœãªãäžçãæºããã倧çºèŠã ããå°ãçåãªã®ã¯ãæŠæŒ¢ãŠã€ã«ã¹ãäžçã«æ¡æ£ããŠ1幎以äžãçµã€ã®ã«ããããŸã§ãªã誰ãã人工çã«æ¹ãããããçè·¡ããçºèŠã§ããªãã£ãã®ããšããããšãããããã®çãã¯äžçäžãããã£ãšæãããŠããã«ãé¢ãããã
ããããæ
å ±ãæ¹ããŠåºãŠããäºã ããTwitter瀟ã¯ãããããæŠâèºâããšæžããŠãBANããã®ãããŸãããïŒ
ðŠ
â
ðŠ
â
ãããã¡ã ããã£ã€ãã¯ã
åœããšçãããªããšäœåºããåãããªããå€åœã«ãã奎ãã¯èªåœã«åž°ããªããšé ·ãç®ã«åããã
åœããšçãããªããšäœåºããåãããªããå€åœã«ãã奎ãã¯èªåœã«åž°ããªããšé ·ãç®ã«åããã
Facebookã®åããšãªã³ã¯ãããã©ãäœããè ¢ããŠããã
ããèšãéãåºæ¥ãªããâŠ
è«æçºè¡šãããã倧ãããª
è«æã§åºãã£ãŠããã®ããããããšããªãŒã
2020米倧統é éžã§ãã©ã³ã倧統é åéžãé»æ¢ããããã«
ã£ãŠæ©ãçµè«ã倧ã çã«å ±éããŠãïœïœïœ
ã£ãŠæ©ãçµè«ã倧ã çã«å ±éããŠãïœïœïœ
ç¥ããããªãïŒã€ãã§ã«ãããšãã»ãŒãããªåå åææå³ãªããèå³ãããããè»äºçã«äœ¿ãåæãæªãããããçç©å
µåšãšããŠãããªã®éçºããããããšããæ°ãããã
ç¥ããããªã
è±ç±³ã¯ãã®æ¹åã§ç«å Žãåºãã€ã€ããã®ããª
ææ°é空æ¯ã®æ¥µæ±å±éããèŠãŠãã€ã®ãªã¹ã®æ¬æ°åºŠã¯ãããªãã«é«ãã
äžåœãè³ å or æŠäºãšããäºæã«è¿œã蟌ãæ°ã®åŒ·ãã
ææ°é空æ¯ã®æ¥µæ±å±éããèŠãŠãã€ã®ãªã¹ã®æ¬æ°åºŠã¯ãããªãã«é«ãã
äžåœãè³ å or æŠäºãšããäºæã«è¿œã蟌ãæ°ã®åŒ·ãã
ãžãŒïœããããã¡ãããæ¬è
°å
¥ããŠããããïœ ãã³ãããŠã€ã«ã¹ã¯æŠæŒ¢ç 究æã§äººå·¥çã«å€é ããããè±ç 究è
ããæ³å»åŠçåŠè¡è«æçºè¡šãž
æŽå²ãåããããããªãã
ä»ã©ããªã£ããããããããå»å¹Žã®æ©ããã¡ã«å
éšãªãŒã¯è
ãåç»åºããŠãããã
ããªãã ãããã¥ãŒã¹ã§èšã£ãŠããã©ããã³ããªã®ãããª( ïŸÐïŸ)
æ§é ã¯èªç¶çã®ãŠã€ã«ã¹ã«ã¯èŠãããªãã£ãŠã
æ§é ã¯èªç¶çã®ãŠã€ã«ã¹ã«ã¯èŠãããªãã£ãŠã
æšæ¥ã®èšäºã ãã©ãæ°ã«ãªãã®ã§ä¹ã£ããšã
ïŒãã®ãŠã€ã«ã¹ã®ã¹ãã€ã¯ããã¯4çš®ã®ã¢ããé žã®åãèŠã€ãã£ãããããããæ§é ã¯èªç¶çã®ãŠã€ã«ã¹ã«ã¯èŠãããªãããšã§ã人工çãªãŠã€ã«ã¹ã§ããããšãè£ä»ãããã®
ïŒãã®ãŠã€ã«ã¹ã®ã¹ãã€ã¯ããã¯4çš®ã®ã¢ããé žã®åãèŠã€ãã£ãããããããæ§é ã¯èªç¶çã®ãŠã€ã«ã¹ã«ã¯èŠãããªãããšã§ã人工çãªãŠã€ã«ã¹ã§ããããšãè£ä»ãããã®
ããžãããª
äºå®ã ãšããããšãã§ããªãããšã ãããã©ããªãã ãããããŸãæ¡ãã€ã¶ããããã ãã©((
æµç³ã«èšãéãåºæ¥ãã®ãšã¡ãããïŒ
æ¬åœã«è³ åã«ãªã£ããäžåœç Žç¶»ããããã
æ¬åœã«è³ åã«ãªã£ããäžåœç Žç¶»ããããã
誰ãããããªãã ãããªãšæã£ãŠãäºã ãã©ã
蚌æ ãåºãŠæ¥ã¡ãã£ãããŒ
----
蚌æ ãåºãŠæ¥ã¡ãã£ãããŒ
----
ãããããªæå³ã§é°è¬è«ã£ãŠãã
ãã³ãã«äžåœç£ã®äººçºçå€ç°ãŠã£ã«ã¹ãªããäžåœã¯è²¬ä»»åããªãããã
ãã³ãã«äžåœç£ã®äººçºçå€ç°ãŠã£ã«ã¹ãªããäžåœã¯è²¬ä»»åããªãããã
ãªããç±³åœã®å€§åŠããã£ãå¯èœæ§ã¯ãªãã®â
ããã§ãæŠæŒ¢ãŠã£ã«ã¹ã£ãŠãã¬ãã§ã¯èšããªãããã
éšããããããð¢
ãããªæ¹æ³ã§ã¯ ã®ç³»çµ±æš¹ã§èŠªæ ªã説æã§ããªãããâ
åçããªãã¯ãå«ããå µæ³ã¯ç§åŠè ã®åµé ç©ã
WW3=å šäººé¡ã®çåœ vs ç§åŠãå©çšããæªäºº
ãããªæ¹æ³ã§ã¯ ã®ç³»çµ±æš¹ã§èŠªæ ªã説æã§ããªãããâ
åçããªãã¯ãå«ããå µæ³ã¯ç§åŠè ã®åµé ç©ã
WW3=å šäººé¡ã®çåœ vs ç§åŠãå©çšããæªäºº
ã«ããã«ä¿¡ãããããªã
1.åå掟é£ã®WHO調æ»å£ã®å ±åãšéã
2.ã¹ãã€ã¯ãã4çš®ã®ã¢ããé žã®åãšããããæ¢ã«ç 究æžã¿ã§ã¯ãªãã£ãã®ã
3.ãã¥ãŒã¹ãœãŒã¹ãã¿ããã€ãçŽãã€ãªãŒã»ã¡ã€ã«

ã³ãããŠã€ã«ã¹ã¯æŠæŒ¢ç 究æã§äººå·¥çã«å€é ããããè±ç 究è ããæ³å»åŠçåŠè¡è«æ
1.åå掟é£ã®WHO調æ»å£ã®å ±åãšéã
2.ã¹ãã€ã¯ãã4çš®ã®ã¢ããé žã®åãšããããæ¢ã«ç 究æžã¿ã§ã¯ãªãã£ãã®ã
3.ãã¥ãŒã¹ãœãŒã¹ãã¿ããã€ãçŽãã€ãªãŒã»ã¡ã€ã«

ã³ãããŠã€ã«ã¹ã¯æŠæŒ¢ç 究æã§äººå·¥çã«å€é ããããè±ç 究è ããæ³å»åŠçåŠè¡è«æ
å€åäžåœã«ã¯é©ããšåŸæããããšæãã
â ã©ãäœã®æéã§äººå·¥ãŠã€ã«ã¹ãäœãããïŒ
â¡ã©ãäœã®ç¯å²ã§åºãŸããçç¶ã¯ã©ããïŒ
â¢æ»äº¡çã¯ã©ãäœãïŒ
â£æææå¶ææ³ã¯ã©ããïŒ
â€ã¯ã¯ãã³ãæ²»çè¬ã¯ã©ãäœã§äœãããïŒ
ãã²ã£ããåœå ã®äžå°åã§èª¿ã¹ããã£ãã ãã ãšæãã
â ã©ãäœã®æéã§äººå·¥ãŠã€ã«ã¹ãäœãããïŒ
â¡ã©ãäœã®ç¯å²ã§åºãŸããçç¶ã¯ã©ããïŒ
â¢æ»äº¡çã¯ã©ãäœãïŒ
â£æææå¶ææ³ã¯ã©ããïŒ
â€ã¯ã¯ãã³ãæ²»çè¬ã¯ã©ãäœã§äœãããïŒ
ãã²ã£ããåœå ã®äžå°åã§èª¿ã¹ããã£ãã ãã ãšæãã
ãŸãã§ãã€ãªãã¶ãŒãããã
ãããæ¬åœãªã絶察ã«èš±ãã¡ããããªããããã©ãã ãã®å°ãåœã奪ãããŠãã£ããã ãã...
ããŒã¢ãžã¢äººã¯æµ·å€äžäººæ
ãšãã§ãããããã
ãšã€ãã襲ãããŠãå šç¶äžæè°ãããªã
ãšã€ãã襲ãããŠãå šç¶äžæè°ãããªã
çæãã
( à¹Â¯ïŒÂ¯)y-ïœ ã»ãïœãããã¯èå³æ·±ãã
ãã®ç 究è
éã®äžå¯©æ»ã«æ°ãã€ããŸããã
ãªãã«ã¯ Wilde:
ãã£ãŠãäºãæªã®çµç€Ÿ
ç«ã®ãªãæã«ç
ã¯ç«ãã¬ãšã¯èšããŸããã©ãããã¡ãã®è©±é¡ã¯åºãŠããŠã¯æ¶ããŠãŸããããççžã¯ã©ããã以åã®ãããªæ°å
Œããªãæ
è¡ã«åºãããããããã ãã
ãã®è«æãçºè¡šãããŠãäºå®ç¢ºèªãæžãã ãäžçã¯ã©ãå€ããã®ãâŠ
ããã¯èªã¿å¿ãããããð€
ãè¿ãçºè¡ãããçç©ç©çåŠã®å£åèªQuarterly Review of Biophysics Discoveryã«æ²èŒãããåŠè¡è«æãäºåã«å
¥æããäžåœãã³ãããŠã€ã«ã¹ãé ã£ãããšäŒããã
âåŠè¡è«æâã«åºãã£ãŠã»ãŒç¢ºå®ã£ãŠããšãšæããŠããããïŒ
âåŠè¡è«æâã«åºãã£ãŠã»ãŒç¢ºå®ã£ãŠããšãšæããŠããããïŒ
æšæ倪éã«ãã€ãªãŒã»ã¡ã€ã«èªãã
ãœãŒã¹çã«æªãäºæãããã®ã§ç¶å ±åŸ ã¡ã ãªã
ãœãŒã¹çã«æªãäºæãããã®ã§ç¶å ±åŸ ã¡ã ãªã
ããïŒ
æ°åã³ããã®ã¯ã¯ãã³ãéçºããããã«ããŠã€ã«ã¹ã調ã¹å§ãããšããããŠã€ã«ã¹ã人工çã«æ¹ãããããçè·¡ïŒãã£ã³ã¬ãŒããªã³ãïŒãçºèŠãã
ãããçå®ãªãäžçãžè³ åéããª
ãããçå®ãªãäžçãžè³ åéããª
ããããã埮ãã«é ãéã£ãŠããé°è¬è«ãåŠè¡çã«èšŒæããããªãããã¯é¢çœãå±éã«
å京ãªãªã³ããã¯ã¯ãããïŒã¿ãããªããšèšã£ãŠãã®ãåŒã£ããã£ãŠãŠãæ±äº¬ãªãªã³ããã¯æœ°ãæå³ããã£ãããããªããã¿ãããªãã€ãã£ãããããªãããšæã£ãŠãããâŠç¶å ±æ°ã«ãªããªâŠ
å京ãªãªã³ããã¯ã¯ãããïŒã¿ãããªããšèšã£ãŠãã®ãåŒã£ããã£ãŠãŠãæ±äº¬ãªãªã³ããã¯æœ°ãæå³ããã£ãããããªããã¿ãããªãã€ãã£ãããããªãããšæã£ãŠãããâŠç¶å ±æ°ã«ãªããªâŠ
ãããã¹ã倧ãã³ãïŒ
ããã»ã©ãã³ããã¯äžåœã®ããã§ã¯ãªãããšèšã匵ã£ãŠããã®ã«ïŒç¬ïŒ
ççžãæããã«ãªã£ããšãããããã¹ãã©ããªãããã«ãã«ç®ããããã ã¯ãºã®æ«è·¯ã«æ³šèŠãããïŒ
ããã»ã©ãã³ããã¯äžåœã®ããã§ã¯ãªãããšèšã匵ã£ãŠããã®ã«ïŒç¬ïŒ
ççžãæããã«ãªã£ããšãããããã¹ãã©ããªãããã«ãã«ç®ããããã ã¯ãºã®æ«è·¯ã«æ³šèŠãããïŒ
ç¥ã£ãŠãâŠâŠ
ã»ããšãé£ã®åœã¯ãããªããšãããŒãªïœ
ããŠãã©ããŸã§æããããã®ãã
ãŸãããããªãç 究æçç ŽããŠåãå£ããæç¹ã§æªããã倧ççºã ã£ããã
æ£çŽè«æã®äžèº«ã¯ç解ã§ããªãã ãããã©ãè«æã§ã¡ãããšçºè¡šãããã®å€§äº
ãšãã©ãŠã€ã«ã¹ãåããæŠæŒ¢ã
人äœå®éšãã¢ããªã«ã§å®æœããã®ã§ã¯ãªããïŒãšãã説ãããã
人äœå®éšãã¢ããªã«ã§å®æœããã®ã§ã¯ãªããïŒãšãã説ãããã
ç 究çµæãåºå§ããŠããããã§ãããã³ãããŠã€ã«ã¹çºçã®çå®ãæ©ãç¥ãããã§ãã
ãšãŠãèå³æ·±ãã
æªæŸæã®ãã€ãªãã¶ãŒãçºçâéœåããã¯ã¯ãã³ãåºæ¥äžããâåŸæ¥æè¡ã®æ²»çã¯çã£ç«¯ããæŸæ£âåœåäœã§ã¯ã¯ãã³æ¥çš®ãŽãªæŒãã
ããçµµã«æãããããªé°è¬ã
æ ç»ãªãå©ããããªã¬ãŒã¯åæã®å士ãåœãè³ããŠäœã£ãæ²»çè¬ã ãã
ããçµµã«æãããããªé°è¬ã
æ ç»ãªãå©ããããªã¬ãŒã¯åæã®å士ãåœãè³ããŠäœã£ãæ²»çè¬ã ãã
æ¿ã¢ãå±éããã
ãã¯ãåæã®é èšãããŠãæŠæŒ¢ã§çæ¯ããã³ãŠã¢ãªäœ¿ã£ãã®ã
å·çãæšæ倪éãšããæç¹ã§ãããâŠããšãªããŸãã
æŠäºç®çãðª
ãã¡ã¢ãããŠã€ã«ã¹ã®ã¹ãã€ã¯ããã¯4çš®ã®ã¢ããé
žã®åãèŠã€ãã£ãããããããæ§é ã¯èªç¶çã®ãŠã€ã«ã¹ã«ã¯èŠãããªãããšã§ã人工çãªãŠã€ã«ã¹ã§ããããšãè£ä»ãããã®ãâ
楜ãããªã£ãŠãã
æšæ¥ãé³¥ã€ã³ãã«ãšã³ã¶ã人ã«ææãããã£ãŠçºè¡šãã£ãããã
ã³ããã®ååãšåãäºãèšã£ãŠããã®ã§ãæ°ãæåŸã¯ã€ãããã
ã³ããã®ååãšåãäºãèšã£ãŠããã®ã§ãæ°ãæåŸã¯ã€ãããã
ãªãã»ã©ïŒ
ãããã倧æšäºäžç倧æŠããªïŒïŒäžåœå¯Ÿãã以å€ã®åœã®
第äžæ¬¡å€§æŠã âŠ
WHOã¯ãªããŠèšã£ãŠãã®ããª
ãããæ¬åœãªããã£ãšãã¥ãŒã¹ã«ãªã£ãŠãè¯ããšæããã ãã©ã
ä»æcâŠWHOããã³ãããŠã€ã«ã¹ã®åŒç§°å€æŽã®ãã¥ãŒã¹ã§ç¬ã£ããã©ãè³ åè«æ±ã©ããªãããªïŒã¢ã«ã«ã€ãããâ掟æã«å ±åŸ©ã§éžããããšããã®ããªïŒ
ã»ã
ïŒ
çãäžãã£ãŠãŸãããŸãã
å®éäžçäžããäžåœã«æå®³è³ åè«æ±ã¿ãããªããšã£ãŠã§ããã®ïŒ
ããŒæ»èªéã£ããªã
ããããããªãã°æŠäºã
è«æåºããã¬ãã§ã¢ãã
ç¥ã£ãŠãå®æ
åŠè¡è«æãšããŠçºè¡šãããã®ããäžåœã¯ã©ãåºãŸããã
ã¢ã¡ãªã«ã«ç¶ãã€ã®ãªã¹ãåæŠããããããããããããªã®èš±ããªã
(ã»Ïã») ä»®ã«æŠæŒ¢ç 究æã§äººå·¥çã«äœãããããŠã€ã«ã¹ã ã£ããšããŠã欧米ã®åè«žåœã¯ã©ããªè²¬ä»»ã®åããæ¹ããã®ãèŠãã®ã§ã²ãœðŠ
ãæ²å ±ãæ¥æ¬ã®ãã¹ã³ãããã€ãã³ã倧統é ã«ãªã£ãããäžåœã®çç©å
µåšãšæ¬¡ã
å ±é ãã©ã³ã倧統é ã®æã¯é°è¬è«ã ãšæ£ã
ããæ±ããããŠããã®ã«
ãæŠæŒ¢æ ªãã®æ£äœãã€ãã«ãã¬ãïŒ
人工説ã®äžçªã®çåã¯ãçœäººïŒãã¢ã³ãã«ã¿ãŒã«äººïŒ€ïŒ®ïŒ¡ãæã€è ïŒã ãã«éçåçã®é«ããŠã€ã«ã¹ãªã©ã倧éžã«äœããã®ããšããããšïŒ
å¶ç¶ããªïŒç¬
人工説ã®äžçªã®çåã¯ãçœäººïŒãã¢ã³ãã«ã¿ãŒã«äººïŒ€ïŒ®ïŒ¡ãæã€è ïŒã ãã«éçåçã®é«ããŠã€ã«ã¹ãªã©ã倧éžã«äœããã®ããšããããšïŒ
å¶ç¶ããªïŒç¬
ã¬ããã»ãšã³ãžãã¢ãªã³ã°ãšã¯
ç¿ç¬è£äžåœå
񇜆
ã§ããããçç©å
µåšãšããŠç 究éçºã«äºç®ãèšå€§ã«ã€ããŠå€§æããã«ãã£ãŠããããã
æåã«ã€ã³ã人ã説åŸåããå
容ã§ãäžåœãã³ãããåµã£ããšçºè¡šããŠããŸãããåœæã®ãã®è«æã¯åé€ããã圌ãã¯è¡æ¹äžæã«ãªã£ãŠããããã§ãã人工çã«å±éºãªãŠã£ã«ã¹ãåµãããæ代ã«ãªã£ãŠããŸããã
è±ç 究è
ããæ³å»åŠçåŠè¡è«æçºè¡šãž
ããŠã€ã«ã¹ã®ã¹ãã€ã¯ããã¯4çš®ã®ã¢ããé žã®åãèŠã€ãã£ãããããããæ§é ã¯èªç¶çã®ãŠã€ã«ã¹ã«ã¯èŠãããªãã
âð»ãã£ã³ã¬ãŒããªã³ã
ããŠã€ã«ã¹ã®ã¹ãã€ã¯ããã¯4çš®ã®ã¢ããé žã®åãèŠã€ãã£ãããããããæ§é ã¯èªç¶çã®ãŠã€ã«ã¹ã«ã¯èŠãããªãã
âð»ãã£ã³ã¬ãŒããªã³ã
ã©ãã©ãè¿œæ±ããŠã»ããïŒ
ãžããã人工çã«ãããããããäºã£ãŠèª¿ã¹ãã°ããããã
åšã¡ãããããã§ããªãããšèããªãã§ã»ãããªãð
åšã¡ãããããã§ããªãããšèããªãã§ã»ãããªãð